Upon Herod's death, his son Archelaus was given control over Judaea, Samaria, and Idumea. He reigned only ten years (4 B.C.-A.D. 6); because his brutality, the emperor Augustus exiled him to Gaul (France) in A.D. 6.  It was because of him that Joseph and Mary, in returning to  Nazareth  after Herod the Great's death, avoided taking a direct route from Egypt, opting instead to travel east of Archelaus' territory (Matthew 2:19-23). After his exile, Judaea and Jerusalem were overseen by Roman appointees now as prefects; the most famous was Pontius Pilate. Beginning in A.D. 44, these prefects were known instead as procurators.